作者：Wu, D. & Sun, Y.

Over the past two centuries, anthropogenic stress and climate change have blurred understanding of their individual and combined impacts on lake ecosystems. This study analyzed 477 ecological shifts documented in 224 paleolimnological records from lakes to trace their responses to climate change and anthropogenic stressors over time. By classifying ecological shifts according to their primary drivers (anthropogenic stress, climatic change, or their combined effects), this study characterized how lake ecosystems respond to these pressures. Stress response analysis revealed that climate-driven responses predominated during post-Little Ice Age warming, whereas anthropogenic stress became the dominant factor by the early 20(th) century, accompanied by the onset of the 2(nd) Industrial Revolution. While the Great Acceleration initiated widespread ecological shifts in lakes globally through synergistic interactions between anthropogenic activities and climate change, anthropogenic stress may still exert a greater impact on these shifts than climate change. Spatial analysis revealed divergent responses across lake ecosystems across the globe, though representation was limited from the Southern Hemisphere and tropical regions. Temperate lakes are highly susceptible to anthropogenic stressors; Arctic lakes have heightened sensitivity to climate change; and alpine lakes have coupled responses to both drivers. The cumulative response index developed in this study isolates individual stressors temporally, revealing substantial impacts of historical human development on lake ecosystems. These effects leave persistent signatures preserved in sedimentary archives, providing new perspectives on drivers of ecological trajectories across temporal scales.

在过去两个世纪里，人为压力和气候变化使人们对它们各自及共同对湖泊生态系统的影响的理解变得模糊。本研究分析了来自 224 个湖泊的古湖泊学记录中记载的 477 次生态变化，以追踪湖泊随时间推移对气候变化和人为压力源的响应。通过根据生态变化的主要驱动因素（人为压力、气候变化或两者的综合影响）对其进行分类，本研究阐述了湖泊生态系统如何应对这些压力。压力响应分析表明，在小冰期后的变暖过程中，气候驱动的响应占主导地位；而到了 20 世纪初，随着第二次工业革命的开始，人为压力成为了主导因素。虽然 “大加速” 通过人为活动与气候变化之间的协同作用引发了全球湖泊广泛的生态变化，但人为压力对这些变化的影响可能仍大于气候变化。空间分析揭示了全球湖泊生态系统的不同响应，不过南半球和热带地区的代表性有限。温带湖泊极易受到人为压力源的影响；北极湖泊对气候变化的敏感性更高；高山湖泊则对这两种驱动因素都有耦合响应。本研究开发的累积响应指数从时间上分离出了各个压力源，揭示了历史上人类发展对湖泊生态系统的重大影响。这些影响在沉积物档案中留下了持久的痕迹，为不同时间尺度上生态轨迹的驱动因素提供了新的视角。

（来源：Limnology and Oceanography  2026   Issue 1  DOI: 10.1002/lno.70316）