作者：Zhang, Y., Zhu, J., Hu, W., Peng, Z., Chen, H., Deng, J., Luo, J. & Yang, J.

Based on zonal management and engineering-ecological synergy, this study innovatively designed and constructed a "pollution absorption zone" (PAZ) system to restore shallow eutrophic lakes, in response to excessive external nitrogen and phosphorus loads and the degradation of aquatic vegetation. Using Lake Changdanghu (China's Yangtze River Basin) as a case study, a functionally synergistic PAZ integrating underwater shoals, bottom traps, prereservoirs, and flow-guiding channels was constructed. Three-year monitoring demonstrated that PAZ effectively attenuated wind wave by 72% via the underwater shoals, significantly reducing the concentration of suspended solids and increasing water transparency. The marked increase in transparency has successfully created a still, clear-water environment conducive to the recovery of aquatic vegetation. Simultaneously, the synergistic effect of the PAZ effectively intercepted and slowed polluted inflows, thereby creating favorable conditions for in situ pollutant purification. With the improved habitat conditions, the area, distribution range, biomass, and coverage of aquatic vegetation within the PAZ have all significantly increased, leading to the effective restoration of the ecosystem structure. These outcomes demonstrate PAZ effectively mitigate external nitrogen, phosphorus loads while restoring degraded habitats. This study provides a replicable, large-scale engineering solution for balancing environmental carrying capacity with nutrient pressure through coupled physical-ecological intervention.

本研究基于分区管理和工程-生态协同理念，针对外部氮磷负荷过高以及水生植被退化的问题，创新性地设计并构建了 “污染吸纳区“（PAZ）系统，用于浅水富营养化湖泊的修复。以中国长江流域的长荡湖为研究案例，构建了一个集水下浅滩、底质陷阱、前置库和导流渠于一体的功能协同型 PAZ。三年的监测结果表明，PAZ通过水下浅滩有效减弱了 72% 的风浪，显著降低了悬浮固体浓度并提高了水体透明度。透明度的显著提升成功营造出平静、清澈的水环境，有利于水生植被的恢复。同时，PAZ的协同作用有效拦截并减缓了污染入流，为污染物的原位净化创造了有利条件。随着生境条件的改善，PAZ内水生植被的面积、分布范围、生物量和覆盖率均显著增加，实现了生态系统结构的有效恢复。这些结果表明，PAZ在减轻外部氮磷负荷的同时，还能修复退化的生境。本研究通过物理-生态耦合干预，为平衡环境承载能力与营养盐压力提供了一种可复制、大规模的工程解决方案。

（来源：Environmental Science & Technology 2025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5c06249）